《老子》法哲学中的“常”与“名”

Chang and Ming in the Legal Philosophy of Lao-tzu

《老子》法哲学的基础建立在其关于"常"的理论上。"常"是"道"的表现,虽可为人所认知、并作为自然法规制社会,然其本质终属于抽象性的规律。在《老子》的法哲学中,"常"未能转化为"法"的逻辑原因在于对"名"的功能阐述上,而矛盾根源则为战国时期对价值观问题之反思。由于"名"理论之演进发生分歧,遂出现了庄子、黄老、法家三派的法律观之理论区别,其共同的思维模式则为中国法律传统所继承。

The legal philosophy of Lao-tzu is based on the theory of ＂Chang＂ （laws of nature and society）. ＂Chang＂ is the exhibition of ＂Tao＂ （Logos）, it could be recognized and regulate the society as natural law, but eventually, it is an abstract regulation. In the legal philosophy of Lao-tzu, ＂Chang＂ is not transferred to law because its illustration to the function of ＂Ming＂ which is rooted in the reflection of values of the War Times of China. The controversy in the theory of ＂Ming＂ bears the difference of Chuang-tzu, Huang-Lao, and Fa Jia （Legalist）. The common thinking mode is adopted in the legal tradition of China.