优良小麦转基因受体品种的筛选及成熟胚半胚培养的研究

Selection of Transgenic Recipients from Elite Wheat Cultivar and Study on the Half Mature Embryo Culture

为了筛选具有良好组织培养特性的优良小麦品种作为转基因受体,使转基因小麦能尽快得到应用,对4个小麦品种的幼胚和成熟胚以及7个小麦品系的成熟胚进行离体培养,考察其组织培养特性。结果表明,11个品种(系)的成熟胚成愈率都达90%以上,但不同成熟胚来源的愈伤组织的植株再生率存在很大差异:7个小麦品系的植株再生率都低于20%,而4个小麦品种的植株再生率都达35%以上,幼胚成愈率及植株再生率都分别达90%和62%以上。该研究为小麦的遗传转化提供了几个新的优良受体品种。该研究进行成熟胚培养时,采用半胚培养的方式,一方面有效地克服了成熟胚在诱导培养基上直接萌发的现象,另一方面提高了成熟胚来源的愈伤组织分化为多苗的能力。该再生体系可作为小麦胚培养的参考。

In order to screen elite wheat cultivars with good tissue culture response as recipients of wheal transformation and to speed up the application of transgenic wheal, the immature and mature embryos of four wheal cuhivars： Mianyang 11, Chuannong 12, Chuannong 17, Chuannong 18 and seven wheat lines, which were used for area test in Sichuan province in 2004, were cultured in vitro. The results indicated thai mean callus induction rate of mature embryos was over 90%. However, significant differences were observed airing the calli initialed from these mature embryos. The plant regeneration rate of callus initialed from mature embryo of seven wheat lines were less than 20% and plant regeneration rate of callus initialed from mature embryo of four wheal cultivars were more than 35 %. Moreover, the callus induction rate and plant regeneration rate of immature embryos of four wheal cultivars were in excess of 90% and 62%, respectively. So four new elite recipient cuhivars for wheal transformation were supplied through this research. Furthermore, in this research, half-mature embryos were cultured, which can efficiently decrease germination of mature embryo in callus induction media and increase the muhiple-planflet regeneration rate of calli from mature embryo. The wheal plant regeneration system could be a reference for other wheal genotypes.