三大功能语法观对比研究

On the Views of Grammar of Three Functional Schools

本文对三大功能语法观——Dik的“功能语法”观,Van Valin的“角色和所指语法”观以及Halliday的“系统功能语法”观进行了对比研究。研究表明:(1)三大功能语法基本上都否认句法自治、语言知识自治和语法自治,认为句法、语言知识和语法受外界因素(如语用、认知、心理、社会等)影响和制约;(2)三大功能语法在三方面存在较大差异:(a)构建语法的准则,(b)简单句结构的阐释,(c)语言表达形式的功能解释;(3)三大功能语法都承认语言是人类交际的工具,语言因功能而存在,但它们的研究视角不同。这种不同只是方法的不同,不是路线的不同。

This essay made a comparative study of the views of grammar of the following three functional schools： （ 1 ） Dik＇ s functional grammar view, （ 2 ） Van Valin＇ s role and reference grammar view, （3） Halliday＇ s systemic - functional grammar view. The study shows ： first, the three functional schools fundamentally reject the autonomy of syntax, the autonomy of knowledge of language and the autonomy of grammar, and maintain that syntax, knowledge of language and grammar are influenced and constrained by external factors such as pragmatic, cognitive, psychological, social and so on. Second, the three functional schools differentiate from each other in terms of the following issues： （a） the rules of constructing grammar, （b） the elaboration of the structure of the clause, （c） the functional interpretation to linguistic expressions. Third, the starting - point of the three functional schools is to accept the view that language is the tool for human communication and language exists for the purpose of fulfilling functions. Under this sumption, the three functional schools adopt different perspectives. Different perspectives lead to different grammars. But this is just the difference in perspectives, not that in the fundamental course. What they keep to is still the course of functionalism.