同步卫星短弧定轨

Determination Orbit of Synchronous Satellite with Short Segmental Arc

同步卫星受到摄动力的影响,它的实际轨道有一点漂移．卫星需要不断的调轨调姿,以保证其正常运行．为了研究卫星在几小时,甚至更短的时间内的轨迹情况,采用短弧段定轨法．用动力学方法进行短弧定轨,分别研究1小时和15分钟定轨并进行比较,目的是为了在同步轨道卫星变轨后,能尽快地为卫星提供精密的预报轨道．此外,在系列短弧定轨后,得到精密轨道系列,为研究轨道变化的力学因素及研究短弧中卫星转发器时延变化规律等提供依据．

Aerospace technology is developed with orbit tracking and measuring technology and orbit dynamics research. Researching and developing different orbit determination methods to suit the needs of different types of satellite orbit determination and meet the increasing demand for precision orbit has still been the main task in satellite application department. Mathematical models of satellite precision orbit determination have been used to determine the orbit of the satellite and achieved remarkable results. The synchronous satellite influenced by perturbation makes the actual track have some drift. The satellite also need regulate the orbit and posture in order to guarantee normal operation for mission. In order to study the track changes of the satellite in several hours and even in shorter time, a short segmental arc orbit determination method is applied. Pseudo-code expansion frequency high precision determination orbit data is applied and the short segmental arc orbits are determined with the dynamic method. First, the research results on synchronous satellite short segmental arc orbits determined with the dynamic method in duration of 1 hour＇s segmental arc and 15 minutes＇ segmental arc are presented and compared. The data are： the inner accordant accuracy of satellite location of X and Y is about 0.5m and Z is about 1.2 m solved with 1 hour＇s segmental arc, while the inner accordant accuracy of satellite location of X and Y is about 0.8 m and Z is about 1.8 m solved with 15 minutes＇ segmental arc. Second, the orbit determination with 15-minute segmental arc in changing tracks is focused. The goal is to provide the precise prediction track as soon as possible after the synchronous satellite maneuvers. Furthermore, the orbits determined with short segmental arc provide the bases for researching mechanic forces in the track and the changes of the satellite transponder delay and so on.