摘要
离子键、共价键、金属键是化学键的三种极限键型,在实际中原子间结合力的性质少数是纯粹属于这三种键型的,而多数晶体中则偏离这三种典型的键型。键型变异是与离子极化、电子离域以及轨道重叠等因素密切相关的,只要某种条件具备,就会产生与这种条件相应的成键作用。键型的变异会引起化合物一系列物理、化学性质的变化。
Ionic bond, covalent bond and metal bond are the three kinds of limit types in chemical bonds. In practice, the nature of interatomic binding force is the minority that purely belongs to one of these three kinds of bonds, but the most crystals deviate the three kinds of typical bonds. The bond variation has the close relation with the ion polarization＇, the electron nonlocality and the orbit superposition. So long as some kinds of condition are provided, it can produce the corresponding bond formation function with this kind of condition. The change of bond type can cause a series of changes both in physical and chemical property of the compound.
关键词
化学键
键型变异
离子极化
电子离域
轨道重叠
chemical bond
bond type variation
ion polarization
the electron nonlocality
the orbit superposition
