施事性有标记非极性对比焦点在“都”字句中的分布

A Study of shi(是) and dou(都) from the Perspective of Markedness Theory

一般主语位置上的施事在被焦点标记词“是”和范围副词“都”同指时，“是”“都”只能分现，不能同现，因为语言中存在着一个施事只能允许被凸显或强调“量性”和“施者”这两个信息成分中的一个的原则。在含总括副词“都”的主谓谓语句中，施事性成分不论是做大主语还是做小主语，都不能成为非极性对比焦点，这与周遍性成分具有焦点垄断性有关。在“把——都”句中，当“把”介引的受事不表任指时，“是”与“都”可以共现，其原因在于此时“都”的语义指向的是受事，而不是施事。

The focus marker shi （是） will not co -occur with the scope adverb dou （都） when an agent as subject is co -referred by them, because there is such a principle that an agent can only be emphasized on one quantity or actor. An agent will not become the non - polar contrastive focus in the absolute - subject - predicate sentence which contains the scope adverb dou（都） , because the universal reference is monopoly on the focus. In the ba（把） - dou（都） sentence, the focus marker shi（是） can co -occur with the scope adverb dou（都） when the patient directed by the preposition ba（把） isn＇t the arbitrary reference, because the scope adverb dou （都） refers to the patient rather than the agent.