胡适白话文学理论与白话文学实践的错位

The Malposition Between Hu Shi's Vernacular Literature Theory and His Practice of Vernacular Literature

通过变革文学语言形成一套新的书面语言体系,实现文化转型,是20世纪中国现代化转型时的一种极具策略性的选择。胡适在新文化运动开始时并没有真正认识到倡导白话文学的巨大意义,而是试图就文学本身论证文学语言变革的必然性。白话文学在中国文学史上的正统性等问题就是这样提出来的。由于所提出的许多命题是伪命题,胡适不仅在具体论证过程中常常出现逻辑上的漏洞,而且在一些基本概念的使用上也有问题。然而“文学革命”的迅速推进,使胡适的文学革命理论不仅轻易战胜了论争对手,而且被作为绝对正确的东西继承下来,成为左右现代文学发展方向的强大力量,限制了中国新文学发展的多种可能性。

The change of literature language was a tactical choice by China to set up a modem written language and a modem culture in the course of it＇s modernization at the beginning of 20^th century. Hu Shi didn＇t recognized the meaning to advocate vernacular literature at the beginning of the New Culture Movement. So he wanted to prove the necessity of the change of literature language for literature sake. He said vernacular tradition was a normal tradition in Chinese literary history. Because Hu Shi always assigned some false topics, he not only had many logical leaks in his words, but also used some basic conceptions incorrectly. But the speedy development of the Literature Revolution made people believe that Hu Shi＇s theory was absolutely correct. The theory became a big force which influenced the direction of modem Chinese literature in the late years of 20^th century and it placed restrictions on the possibilities of the development of modem Chinese literature.