家兔急性鼻窦炎模型两种建模方法的比较

Comparison of Two Methods for Establishing a Model of Experimental Acute Sinusitis in Rabbits

目的探讨家兔两种急性鼻窦炎模型的制备方法,进行优良比较。方法健康成年新西兰白兔42只,随机分成窦口堵塞+窦腔注入肺炎链球菌组(A组,18只)、鼻腔置入Merocel高分子膨胀海绵+鼻腔注入肺炎链球菌组(B组,18只)及空白对照组(C组,6只)。A、B组动物分别于术后1、2、3周每组各处死6只;空白对照组于1周后处死。获取实验侧上颌窦、筛窦窦腔分泌物行细菌学检查,并将上颌窦、筛窦完整取出,全组织包埋行组织病理学观察。结果上颌窦分泌物细菌学培养结果示A、B两组家兔原发致病菌与机会致病菌感染差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻窦黏膜组织病理学观察证实两种建模方法的成功率均为100%,B组造模方法可同时产生筛窦炎,且B组家兔上颌窦黏膜病理改变轻于A组,病理半定量化结果示两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻腔置入Merocel高分子膨胀海绵+鼻腔注入肺炎链球菌的建模方法,具有人类鼻窦感染的病理生理特征,是一种更理想的急性鼻窦炎动物模型的制备方法。

Objective To explore and compare two methods for establishing an animal model of experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits. Methods Forty-two specific pathogen-free adult male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. In group A, the sinusitis were induced by both occluding the sinus ostium and inoculating the sinus cavity with Streptococcuspneumoniae （18 rabbits）. In group B, animals were treated by both insertion of a piece of synthetic sponge （Merocel） into the nasal cavity and instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae into the nose （18 rabbits）. The animals in group C received no treatment （6 rabbits）. Each six animals were sacrificed at the time points of 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the treatment in both group A and group B, six animals in blank control group were killed at 1 week after the treatment. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were opened up to take secretion samples for bacteriological culture according to aseptic techniques. At the same time, the maxillary sinuses and ethmoid sinuses were removed en bloc for whole-mount histologic examination. Results The differences of bacterial infection with the primary and opportunistic pathogens between group A and group B were insignificant（ P 〉 0.05 ）. According to histopathological examination, both methods were proven highly reliable, producing purulent sinusitis in virtually 100% of animals. Acute ethmoid sinusitis was successfully induced in the rabbits of group B. The histopethologieal changes in maxillary sinus mucosa in group B were lighter in degree than those in group A （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The method of inserting a synthetic sponge into the nasal cavity and intranasul Streptococcus pneumoniae inoculation can be used to establish a stable acute sinusitis model in rabbits, which is closely resembling the human condition, and may become a simple, viable and perhaps preferable animal model.