体表高频超声测定兔颈动脉的二维图像表现和血流特点

High-Frequency Ultrasonic 2-Dimensional Image and Blood Flow Characteristics of the Carotid Artery in Rabbits

目的探讨应用体表高频超声准确测量兔颈动脉壁厚度与血流分布特点的可行性。方法雄性日本纯种大耳白兔9只,应用体表高频超声在动物处死前测定颈动脉内径、膜厚、收缩期峰值流速、搏动指数、阻力指数及血流量,术后取颈动脉进行常规组织学处理,行HE染色和弹力纤维染色,光镜形态学观察及图象分析仪分析,测定内径、膜厚,对两种方法结果进行统计学分析。结果血管纵切面超声见颈总动脉呈一平行管状,管壁回声中等偏强,界限清晰;管腔内充满血流信号,呈“红—蓝—红”的快速转换;多普勒频谱为三相波型;超声测量膜厚结果与病理结果高度相关r=0.84。结论高分辨率超声作为检测实验性家兔动脉粥样硬化模型技术,具有简便、直观、无创、可重复等优点。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of applying high-frequency ultrasound to measure precisely the carotid artery wall thickness and characterize its blood flow distribution in rabbits. Methods Nine male Japanese big-ear rabbits were included in this study. High-frequency ultrasonography was applied to determine the inner diameter, intima-media thickness, systolic peak flow rate, pulsatility index, resistence index and blood flow volume in the carotid artery. The rabbits were sacrificed and the carotid artery was taken for histopathological examination. The carotid artery intima-media thickness and inner diameter were measured on histological sections and compared with those determined by uhrasounography. Results In the blood vessel longitudinal section, with moderately echo and distinct verge, the common carotid artery looked like a parallel tubiform. In the lumen, the blood flow signal was moderate to strong, and the Doppler frequency ultrasonography showed triphasic wave type, changed quickly into red-blue-red form. The ultrasound results were highly correlated with pathological ones （r = 0.84）. Conclusion High resolution ultrasoography can be applied in measurement of atherosclerotic lesions in the experimental rabbit model studies with a lot of merits such as simplicity, directly visual, non-traumatic and reproclbility, etc.