女性尿道括约肌控尿和压力性尿失禁发病的机制

Current opinion on the female urinary sphincter and pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence

女性尿道括约肌控尿机制和压力性尿失禁发病机理的研究经历了长期和曲折的过程,目前认为,女性尿道括约肌是由尿道横纹肌括约肌、尿道平滑肌括约肌和尿道固有膜等结构,共同参与组成的一个构造精细而有序的尿道括约肌复合体或称尿道括约肌系统。压力性尿失禁的发生主要与尿道括约肌本身解剖结构和功能缺陷,以及尿道周围附属结构和支撑结构缺陷有关。

The precise histological structure of female urinary sphincter and its functioning mechanism as well as the pathophysiology of the female stress urinary incontinence have experienced heated debate during a very long period. At the present time, the female urinary sphincter has been considered as a complicated complex or system which consists of striated muscular sphincter, smooth muscular sphincter and stroma. This precisely organized urinary sphincter system is the morphological basis responsible for the urinary continence. Disorders in this above mentioned urinary sphincter system and its auxiliary and supporting structure, either structural or functional, are the main causes for the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence.