中国女性老年人的主观幸福感及其影响因素

Subjective well-being of the female elderly in China and its influential factors

目的分析当前我国女性老年人的主观幸福感(包括生活满意度和情感体验)及其影响因素。方法依据北京大学老龄健康与家庭研究中心2002年《中国老年人健康长寿调查数据库》,对女性老年人的主观幸福感及其影响因素进行分析。结果大多数被调查的女性老年人生活满意度和情感体验的评分“一般”和“较好”,但低于男性老年人。女性老年人文盲率高导致其经济、社会和家庭地位较低,丧偶率高导致其独居率较高和来自配偶的支持较少;这些因素影响女性老年人主观幸福感的评分相对较低。结论大多数女性老年人的主观幸福感“一般”和“较好”,但较男性老年人差。这可能与一般人口学和社会支持等方面的情况较男性老年人差有关。

Objective To analyze subjective well-being （life satisfaction and affective experience）of the female elderly in China and its influential factors. Methods The subjective well-being of the female elderly and its influential factors were analyzed according to Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2002 of Center for Health and Family Study in the Elderly in Beijing University. Results The average scores of life satisfaction and affective experience of the most investigated female elderly were common and relatively high, but lower than those of the male ones. The relatively lower subjective well-being of the female elderly was influenced by their lower economic, social and family rank resulting from their higher iUiteracy rate, and their higher living alone due to their high spouse loss rate. Conclusions The subjective well-being of the female elderly is worse than that of the male elderly in China, which might be related to their poorer demographic variable and social support than those of the male elderly.