新型吸波材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Novel Absorbing Material

吸波材料的研究对军用和民用都具有非常重要的意义。综述了新型碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、碳化硅/碳纤维、多晶铁纤维吸波材料、碳纳米管、纳米铁吸波材料和导电高分子吸波材料的研究状况。其中,纤维型吸波材料具有轻质高强的特点,已逐渐被当作结构材料研究和应用;纳米吸波材料在许多方面具有不同于传统材料的优异性能,具有宽频带、兼容性好、质量轻的特点;导电高分子吸波材料具有较强的可设计性和较低的密度,使得其成为一类具有较大发展潜力的新型吸波材料。但导电高分子吸波材料中填料含量过高、掺杂剂稳定性差、结构均匀性差、加工工艺复杂等却是亟需解决的问题。

Absorbing material plays an important role in the research progresses in novel fiber absorbing materials such as military and civil application. This paper reviewed carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon carbide/ carbon fiber, polycrystalline iron fiber, absorbing materials like nano carbon tube and nano iron, and conductive polymer absorbing materials. Fiber absorbing materials have been used as structural materials gradually for the advantages of low density and high strength. Nano absorbing materials have good properties like wide absorbing frequency, low density and good compatibility. Conductive polymer absorbing materials are the promising absorbing material for their low density and designable property, but high amount of fillers, less stability of dopants and structure, complexity of process of conductive absorbing materials are their disadvantages needed to be overcome in the future research and development.