北京私家园林的理水艺术

The Water Feature Design Art in the Private Gardens in Beijing

北京相对缺水,但元明清以来也出现了很多以水景见长的私家园林,一些水源丰富的大型园林拥有大面积的水面,而一些无法引取活水的宅园则通过打井和收集雨水的方法来获得水源。其理水手法十分丰富,能够形成池塘、湖泊、河流、泉水、瀑布等各种摹拟自然的水体形态,既受到江南园林的影响,也能够因地制宜,体现出鲜明的地方特色。结合大量文献描述和实例调研,对北京私家园林的理水手法进行了探讨和总结。

Beijing relatively lacks water, but there have still been many private gardens known for their water features since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some large-scale gardens with abundant water resource have large area water surface while other gardens without flowing water obtain water through the well and rainwater collecting. Their water feature design skills are quite rich and various simulations can be created to form the natural bocly of water, which Js influenced by the southern gardens and can also be in the lighl of local conditions to display distinct flavors. With a lot of document descriptions and actual examples and investigations, the water feature design skills of Beijing private gardens are discussed and summarized in this paper.