核辐射屏蔽材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Shielding Materials for Nuclear Radiation

简述了核辐射对屏蔽材料的一般要求,综述了常用屏蔽材料的特点。指出屏蔽材料的屏蔽效果与其它性能如力学性能、耐热性及抗辐照性能之间的矛盾是屏蔽材料需要解决的关键问题。重点指出了核辐射屏蔽材料研究进展的几个特点:(1)引入梯度材料设计理论制备功能/结构一体化屏蔽材料;(2)稀土元素及其化合物在屏蔽材料中的合理有效利用;(3)基于遗传算法的优化设计方法在新型屏蔽材料设计中的作用越来越明显。

General demands and characteristics of shielding materials are introduced. The key problem that need to be settled is the conflict between shielding effectiveness and other performances such as mechanical performance, heat-resistant stability and anti-radiation property. In the paper, the research progess in shielding materials is pointed out prinicipally, There are three primary directions in the development of shielding materials： gradient theory being introduced to prepare mechanical-functional integrative shielding materials, rational and effective utilization of rare earth and their compounds in shielding materials, and optimal design based on genetic algorithms being more and more important in designing new-style shielding materials.