秦岭地区白粉寄生孢的自然分布和生物学特性

The natural distribution and biological characteristics of Ampelomyces quisqualis in the Qinling Mountains

为了明确我国秦岭地区白粉菌寄生孢的资源状况并进一步筛选开发对植物白粉病具有生防潜力的菌株,作者于2002～2003年对秦岭地区陕西境内的秦岭北坡、渭河两岸及渭北旱原三个不同生境内白粉菌侵染植株标样上的白粉寄生孢Ampelomyces quisqualis进行了自然分布和生物学特性研究。在白粉菌侵染的旋花科、伞形科、唇型科、菊科、车前科、蓼科、十字花科、豆科、鸭跖草科、凤仙花科、葫芦科、锦葵科、玄参科、蔷薇科、大戟科、茄科、卫矛科、葡萄科、木通科、槭树科、蝶形花亚科等21科(亚科)植物的1145份标样中发现白粉寄生孢菌株39个。白粉寄生孢分离菌株在不同温度、pH值、碳及氮源等条件下的生物学特性测定结果表明:温度为20℃,pH为6.0,采用葡萄糖作碳源及L-甘氨酸作氮源时菌株生长较好。调查结果显示秦岭地区有丰富的白粉寄生孢自然资源,可以进行开发利用,同时生物学特性测定显示出其存在的多种生理类群也为进一步从分子角度研究白粉寄生孢遗传机制,进而从大量菌株中开发用于防治白粉菌的生防制剂提供依据。

To elucidate the resource of Ampelomyces quisqualis in the Qinling Mountains and to provide the testimony for the latent biocontrol agent selected for controlling the powdery mildew of the plants, the natural distribution and biological characteristics of A. quisqualis were quantified in naturally occurring powdery mildew fungi collected in the Qinling Mountains between 2002 and 2003. A total of 1 145 sam- pies was studied and 39 parasites were found. These samples sourced from 21 host plant families which included Convolvulaceae, Umbelliferae, Labiatae, Compositae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Crucife- rae, Leguminosae, Commelinaceae, Balsaminaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ro- saceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, Celastraceae, Vitaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Aceraceae, Papiliona- tae, etc. The biological characteristics of some isolates under different temperatures, acidities, carbon and nitrogen were tested. The results showed that the proper growth temperature for the isolates was 20~C and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were Glucose and L-Glycine, respectively. This investiga- tion indicated that there are plentiful resources and physiological species of A. quisqualis in the Qinling Mountains. It also supplied proofs for the biocontrol agents＇ development from abundant isolates.