美国新保守主义及其对布什政府对外政策的影响

The Neo-Conservatives in the United States and Its Impacts on the Foreign Policy of Bush Administration

美国保守主义,包括新保守主义在20世纪80年代兴起,在很大程度上反映了多数美国民众对自由主义对美国社会负面影响的不满和对改变这种颓废混乱现实的期待。美国早期保守主义理论上的薄弱和哲学思想的贫乏,使新一代保守主义者不得不到古希腊哲学和德国哲学中去获取理论武器。美国新保守主义外交思想特点包括:推崇实力因素在对外关系中的作用和实力外交;强调美国优越论和美国使命论;主张新帝国论。美国新保守主义对布什政府对外政策影响包括:重视军事实力,实行先发制人战略;在全世界推广自由民主,对“无赖”国家实行政权更迭;企图推动对华“两面下注”政策向以防范和制约为主转变。

The rise of Conservatives, including the Neo-Conservatives, in the United States in 1980s, to great extent, reflected the un-satisfaction of majority of American people towards the negative impacts of Liberalism on American society and the expectation of reform to the decadent and chaotic reality in 1970s - 1980s. The weakness of theory and lack of philosophy of Conservatives in the United States in the early stage made the new generation of Conservatives have to find the theoretical weapons from the philosophies of the ancient Greece and Germany. The major features of thinking of the Neo-Conservatives in the United States on diplomatic issues include： praising highly the role of power in diplomatic relations and diplomacy of power politics; underlining the superiority and mission of the United States; advocating the theory of the Neo-Empire.