对应分析在福建拖网捕捞影响因素分析中的应用

Application of correspondence analysis to efficiency analysis of trawl industry in Fujian Province

采用随机抽样调查的方法在福建省选择29个拖网作业单位(样品)、11个作业因素(变量),用对应分析法对其影响因素进行分析,以判断福建拖网捕捞效率的主要影响因素以及了解作业单位(作业船)之间和作业单位与变量之间的关系。结果表明,当前影响福建拖网作业的主导因素是网具结构,其次是渔船的主机功率和作业天数。据此,建议从适当增大网口网目尺寸和网口周长、增加船舶主机功率和延长作业天数等方面入手,提高拖网作业单位捕捞效率。本文还通过分析平面变量与样品聚点图,将福建拖网作业分成4个类群,通过分析各类群与各作业生产因素的亲疏关系,进一步了解各类群的特点,可对生产单位和管理者调整拖网作业、优化生产资源配置等提供理论参考。

Trawl is one of the most important fishing methods in Fujian, China. At present, it has been developed rapidly and shown a tendency to become more multimode. So the gross tonnage and power of fishing vessels, the structure and assembling of their fishing net are becoming more and more complicated. As a resuit, it is difficult to estimate which are the key factors affecting the fishing efficiency of trawl and to find out what are the relations among fishing units and between fishing units and variables. In order to understand how the varied factors affect the fishing efficiency, we randomly sampled 29 cases of fishing units and selected 11 variables which are relative to fishing efficiency for the Correspondence Analysis. The results show that the key factors which influence the fishing efficiency of Fujian trawl industry present is net struc- ture,engine power and fishing days during a year,respectively. In terms of increasing fishing efficiency for each fishing unit, the proposals of improving net structure, properly increasing main engine power of fishing vessels and prolonging fishing days were offered. This groups by a scattering plot of correspondence analysis study also divided the fishing units of Fujian into four for variables and samples on a plane. By observing the relations among the groups and the relation between groups and variables, the traits of those groups will be better understood. So it will be helpful for fishing units and managers to regulate trawl fishing and optimize allocation of fisheries material elements. [ Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2007,14 （3） ：444 -449 ]