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急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿中枢神经系统白血病预防的研究进展

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摘要 采用联合化疗以来,儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)的预后大为改观。上世纪60年代的研究证实,约65%的白血病患儿在缓解期出现中枢神经系统(CNS)白血病,从而导致全身复发。所以,儿童ALL治疗成功与CNS的预防性治疗密切相关,进行CNS治疗的患儿有较高的无事件生存(EFS)及长期生存率。CNS预防性治疗最初使用的颅脑放射治疗,剂量是24Gy,同时加短期的鞘内注射。然而,生存者的长期随访发现,该治疗有严重的毒性反应,如:生长迟缓及内分泌紊乱、神经心理方面的问题等;继发性颅脑肿瘤的风险明显增加。由于颅脑放疗引起的晚期毒性反应逐渐被认识,随后发展为逐渐减少放疗剂量和(或)使用全身(或鞘内)化疗取代放疗。新的治疗包括延长鞘注的疗程、采用中~大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)持续静脉输注以及在应用泼尼松的基础上使用地塞米松。任何形式的CNS治疗都可以引起急性的或晚期的毒性反应。后来对病情评估越来越详细,如:初诊时根据CNS情况、病情危险度分组等进行不同方法CNS预防治疗,这些临床研究的目的是为了减少治疗产生的毒性反应的风险,改善治疗效果。
出处 《中华儿科杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第5期339-343,共5页 Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
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