从交际主体的双向认知互动看语用失误的本质

On the Nature of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure——From Two-way Cognitive Interaction of Addresser—Addressee

本文把语用失误界定为表达者和接受者赋予了同一个词汇语法上正确的话语以不同的言外之力而导致的跨文化交际中断。任何把跨文化言语交际活动的双向互动交流拉向单一的表达者向度或接受者向度都是片面的。对言语交际模式图的分析表明,表达者和受话者构成了跨文化言语交际的主体,跨文化言语交际的意图是最大化实现话语的言外之力,整个言语交际过程,从编码到解码的每个层面,都体现了表达者和接受者的双向认知互动交流。

This paper defines cross-cultural pragmatic failure as cross-culturally communicational breakdown caused by different illocutionary forces mapped to the same lexically-grammatlcally correct utterance by Addresser and Addressee. Any attempt to attribute two-way interactive communication to one single addresser or addressee is one-sided. The analysis of the Model of Verbal Communication shows that, in cross-cultural communication, Addresser and Addressee constitute the main part and the communicational intention is to maximally realize the illocutionary force in the whole process of verbal communication, every level of encoding-decoding reflects two-way cognitive interaction between Addresser and Addressee.