近代刑法观念的裂变:从诸法合体到刑法独立

Fission of modern concepts of criminal law: from combination of all laws to independence of criminal law

诸法合体的观念统领了我国古代自《法经》以来的各种成文法的编纂体例。随着以鸦片战争的爆发为标志的中国近代社会的开始,近代刑法观念产生了从诸法合体向刑法独立的裂变。在改革旧法体系的问题上,刑法独立的主张并非首先提出,而是先有人提倡制定商法,继而刑法独立的观念才孕育而生。从诸法合体到刑法独立是一步重开历史先河的转变,究竟哪些原因促成了这一观念裂变?诸法合体是中国古代农业自然经济、封建集权政治、及律学传统的产物;近代社会的经济、政治、法学为刑法独立的观念创造了条件,共同推动它由萌芽、发展、成熟,到最终成功运用在立法实践中。近代刑法观念从诸法合体向刑法独立的裂变意义广泛而深远。

The concept of combination of all laws has commanded all kinds of the compilation rules of the laws since the ＂law scripture＂ of ancient China. Along with the beginning of modern Chinese society marked by the outbreak of the Opium War, modem legal concept has made fission from combination of all laws to independence of criminal law. In the reform of the old system of law, the opinion of independence of criminal law is not the first to put forward, but the opinion to constitute commercial law. changing from combination of all laws to independence of criminal law is the first step of the changes in the criminal history, What reasons on earth led to the fission of the concept？ Combination of all laws is the products of natural economy of ancient agriculture, feudal centralized politics and legal traditions. Modern society＇s economy, politics and law create conditions for the concept of independence of criminal law, and jointly promote it from the embryonic development to mature, and to successful application of the legislation practice. It is of extensive and far-reaching significance for the fission from combination of all laws to independence of criminal law.