认知风格对大学生不确定条件下判断和决策的影响

The Effects of Cognitive Style on College Students' Judgement and Decision-Making under Uncertain Situations

通过3个实验,研究了认知风格对大学生不确定条件下判断和决策的影响。结果表明:(1)认知风格影响大学生在不确定条件下的判断和决策,表现在概率推理中,场依存型比场独立型更容易受“代表性启发”影响。在赌徒推理中,场独立型更少受“赌徒谬误”影响。在风险决策中,场独立型倾向选择受益大、风险也大的决策,场依存型倾向选择稳妥、风险较小的决策。(2)大学生在概率推理、赌徒推理和风险决策时存在显著的性别差异。(3)概率知识学习有助于克服“代表性启发”,但对“赌徒谬误”影响不大。

We investigated the effects of cognitive style on college students＇ judgement and decision-making through four experiments. The results show ： （ 1 ） Cognitive style affects students＇ judgement and decisionmaking in four aspects. In probabilistic reasoning, field-dependent students are more influenced by stereotype characteristics than those who are filed-independent. In gambler reasoning, field-independent students are less influenced by gambler＇s fallacy. In risk decisions, field-independent students tend to choose the more risky, more profitable decisions while the field-dependent students tend ＇to have the safer and less risky choices; （2） Male and female students demonstrate differences in probabilistic reasoning, gambler reasoning and risk decisions; （3） Probability knowledge is useful in overcoming stereotype characteristics,yet it is of little help in avoiding gambler＇s fallacy.