秦国邽县故城考

On the Original Position of Gui City of Qin Kingdom

邽县是中国历史上最早设立的县之一。检索历史文献,关于邽县故城的位置,有六种(类)不同的记载。除《水经注》记载的今天水市区内的邽县故城外,其余诸说均误。邽县得名于邽山。邽山西起今天水市区西北20公里的凤凰山,东南至今天水市区北边的营房梁,北至渭河,南至罗峪河。邽县原为邽山东南脚下(今天水市区)的邽戎邑。考古资料亦证明春秋早期今天水市区内可能有城邑存在。结合历史地貌调查和考古资料分析,初步推断:《水经注》所说的“上封故城”大约在今天水市区耤河以北、弥陀寺巷——仁和里——尚义巷一线(北魏罗峪河故道)以东、邽山以南,它可能就是秦国邽县故城。

Gui County is one of the earliest counties in Chinese history. There are six kinds of viewpoints about Gui City in historical literature. The others are wrong except those recorded in Shuijingzhu ,Gui mountain between Weihe river and Xi river, record by Shuijingzhu runs from Fenghuang mountain 20 kilometres which is northwest to Tianshui city, to Yingfangliang ridge which is north to Tianshui city, Gui county was from Gui rong city which had been the capital of ancient Gui minority. The archaeological information revealed a possible ancient city in early Spring and Autumn Period in Tianshui city. Three ancient watercourses of Luoguhe river and deposit of ancient Tianshui Lake have been found. The thesis draws a conclusion that the site of shang gui city in Shuijingzhu is north to Xihe river, east to Mituosi-Shangyi street, which was the watercourse of Luoyuhe river in Northern Wei dynasty, and at the foot of ancient Gui mountain, possibly it is the site of Gui city of Qin kingom.