我国北方干旱区草原的生态问题与工程技术对策

Ecological Issues and Improvement System for Rangeland in Arid and Semi-arid Area in Northern China

北方干旱区草原是我国草原的主体,也是沙尘暴的主要策源地。结合国家“十五”科技攻关项目和国际草原项目,总结归纳相关研究调查材料,着重就北方干旱区草原的生态问题进行探讨和分析,提出了草原区有关气候、水资源、草地生产力和生态系统的6个资源特征,阐述了有关草地面积、质量、生物多样性等5个方面的生态问题,以锡林郭勒草原生态工程治理为范例,总结了干旱区草原植被恢复与改良的技术体系和生态工程切入点,进一步提出了干旱区草原保护和改良的对策。

The grassland from arid area in northern China is the primary Rangeland, and also is the main area of original sand storm in China. The facing key limited facts for rangeland are introduced,which the relative information was collected from the national key program and the international program conducted in northern China. Ecological issues surrounding rangeland resources, water supply, grassland degradation and forage productivity are indented to be the most critical issues. As a demonstration sample,Xilingole grassland area is exhibited to sum up the technology system for vegetation recovery and grassland improvement. A series of strangers are suggested to improve grassland management and to increase the grassland management effect.