exosome及其在免疫耐受方面的作用

The roles of exosomes in immune tolerance

exosome是多种活细胞晚期内体分泌的小囊泡体,不同来源的exosome的特异性功能与它所含的特异性蛋白质以及它所处的微环境密切相关。先前对exosome的研究大多集中在其诱导和增强机体的免疫应答功能,近年来,越来越多的研究表明exosome在特定的环境中也能下调免疫应答或诱导免疫耐受,尤其在诱导同种异体移植和自身免疫性疾病耐受中的作用被越来越多的人所关注。因此,exosome诱导的免疫耐受应用于多种疾病治疗将成为研究热点。本文着重从exosome的生物起源、生物学特性以及在诱导免疫耐受方面的研究进展进行综述。

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are secreted by many live cells. The specific functions of the different exosomes are correlated closely with the cell-specific proteins and the microenvironment of exosomes. Previous researches focus on the roles of exosome in stimulating and intensifying immunity. Recently, more and more studies show that exosomes can also down-regulate immune response or induce immune tolerance in specific environments. And especially more and more researchers pay attention to the roles of immune tolerance induced by exosomes in allotransplantation and autoimmune diseases. Therefore the applications for many diseases therapy through immune tolerance by exosomes will become a research hotspot. In this review we focus on exosomes biogenesis and the roles of induction of immune tolerance.