水稻广谱抗稻瘟病基因研究进展

Advances on the identification and characterization of broadspectrum blast resistance genes in rice

稻瘟病是水稻生产中的最严重病害之一,由于稻瘟菌小种的高度变异性,垂直抗性基因难以持续控制稻瘟病的危害,因此,克隆和利用广谱持久抗瘟基因被认为是解决稻瘟病问题最经济有效的策略。本文从广谱抗源的筛选与利用,广谱抗瘟基因的定位、克隆与应用等方面对水稻广谱抗稻瘟病基因研究取得的进展进行了概述,并介绍了广谱抗性分子机理的最新研究进展。基于国内外稻瘟病抗性基因研究的现状及趋势,以及我国丰富的抗瘟水稻种质资源,克隆越来越多的广谱抗瘟基因具有重要的理论与应用价值。

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production. Because of high strain diversity, the resistance of most rice cultivars is relatively short. Therefore, identification and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance genes in rice breeding has been considered as the most effective and economical strategy to control this disease. By far, about forty blast resistance genes have been identified, but only eight of them confer broad-spectrum resistance, and were mapped or cloned successfully. Pi9, Pi2 and Piz-t were cloned using a map-based cloning strategy or PCR-based homology cloning method. All of them encode highly homologous NBS-LRR proteins and are a member of a multi-gene family. The cloned genes provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of the broad-spectrum resistance and the evolutionary mechanisms of different blast resistance gene clusters in rice. Because of the rich rice genetic resources of blast resistance in China, identification and utilization of the broad-spectrum blast resistance genes will play an important role in stable rice production in the future.