德性与自由

On Morality and Liberty

道德自由作为一种积极自由并不具有导致集权专制的危险。但当它被作为一种内在的无限的精神自由来追求时,却是以牺牲对政治自由的追求为代价的。当它被看作是依据道德获得的权利时,它有促进政治权利和自由的可能。但是,由于儒家的道德观主要是一种义务观,在权利观上是缺失,因此儒家的道德权利与西方意义上的道德权利有实质的不同,由此也就无法从中转出政治权利和自由。

Moral freedom, as a positive freedom, cannot not bring about the danger of autocracy or totalitarianism. When it considered as a pursuit for unlimited inner spiritual freedom, however, it is realized at the expense of the pursuit of political freedom. When it is taken as a moral right, it can promote political fights and freedom. But, owing to its lack of sense of right, the Confucian idea of morality is purely about human duties and its idea of moral fights is quite different from that of the West in essence, so we can not bring forth political fights and freedom from it.