推力矢量技术及其基本方案述评(上)

Thrust Vectoring Control Technology and its Basic Concept Review( Part 1)

飞机依靠副翼、升降舵和方向舵等各种气动舵面在空中作六个自由度的运动。然而,这种气动舵面在低速时效率很低,在零速度时则丧失作用,在高速,例如在超音速飞行时其阻力很大。此外在气流中工作时必须严格控制在一定的迎角范围内,否则极易失速,使飞机进入螺旋而失控。据报道在1965年到1986年期间,西方世界的飞机因失速进入螺旋的坠机事故有566起,其中85％为机毁人亡的一等事故。为避免上述问题,可借助喷气发动机的推力,改变喷气流的方向。

Now the thrust vectoring control (TVC) technology concepts under developing include the postexit vanes (PV), two-demensional convergent divergent nozzle (2D-CD), axis turning ( AT), spherical convergent flap nozzle(SCFN) and axsymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle( AVEN) . It is believed that the 2D-CD and AVEN are the better concepts by the comparison and analysis, especially the AVEN. The AVEN features the light weight and good integral performance, and is able to use the current and developing engines.