酶联免疫斑点法及其在自身免疫性糖尿病研究中的应用

Application of enzyme-linked immunospot assay on studies of autoimmune diabetes mellitus

酶联免疫斑点法（ELISPOT）是一种可在单细胞水平上检测抗原特异性T细胞频率的高敏感、高特异性、高通量的检测方法,广泛应用于各种与T细胞免疫相关疾病的研究,是体外直接检测糖尿病β细胞抗原特异性T细胞的最理想工具,对阐明自身免疫性糖尿病发生机制,以及疾病预测、预防、诊断与治疗效果的评价等方面有着重大的意义。现在面临的最大障碍是ELISPOT检测的国际标准化。

Enzyme-linked immunospot assay is a format characterized by high sensitivity, specificity and through-put that is potentially able to detect antigen-specific cells directly in a single cell level, and has been used widely for studies on T-cell related diseases, and becomes indispensable tool for directly analyze islet autoantigen specific T-cells in diabetes in vitro. The assay may be rather helpful in elucidating the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, predicting to, preventing from or diagnosing diabetes, and also very useful in monitoring the therapeutic effects of drugs in diabetes. It is anticipated that the assay needs to be developed towards fully standardizing in the near future.