家族控制的困境——基于广东中山市家族企业的实证研究

The Puzzles of Family-controlling Mechanism: an Empirical Study of Family Enterprises in Zhongshan City

家族控制在家族企业发展过程中起到正反两个方面的作用。本文基于100份调查问卷,对家族企业的控制机制与企业绩效之间的关系进行了检验,结果表明家族控制的负面效应高于正面效应:首先,强化家族股权的控制将有碍于家族企业的发展;其次,提高家族成员在高层管理团队中的集中度未能显著地改进企业的绩效;再次,家族企业主的授权策略有助于改进企业绩效,尤其是在大型企业,而关键岗位用自己人这一控制手段并没有显著作用;最后,家族成员对资金、采购和人事环节的控制并没有对家族企业产生显著的影响,但如果将市场业务交给熟人来控制的,则将削弱企业的市场盈利能力。

Family-controlling mechanism performs both positive and negative functions during the growth of family business. The paper, based on the data obtained from a survey of 100 enterprises in Guangdong province, tests the relation between family-controlling mechanism and family-controlling performance. Its findings show that, (1)the strengthening ownership may hinder family business growth;(2)the enhancing centralism of family members in a top management team may have little influence upon performance;(3)the owner’s empowering somebody is helpful for the performance, however, the strategy of using people on his own side may have little effect;(4)the family members’ controlling over financial, purchasing and personnel management doesn’t have notable impacts on the growth, but it may weaken the revenue if giving the right of market controlling to their acquaintances. The family controlling has more negative effects than positive effects.