低轨航天器天基测控方法研究

Space-Based TTC Method of Lower Orbit Satellite

我国的航天器测控主要依赖地基测控系统实施,随着民用和军用需求的不断增加,太空运行的低轨航天器数量越来越多．仅依赖地基测控系统满足这些航天器的测控需求越来越困难,费用也越来越高．探索新的、有效且经济的测控模式势在必行．天基测控技术是航天器测控发展的方向,研究和应用天基测控技术具有重要的实用价值,可以解决困扰我国航天领域多年的测控资源紧张问题．在分析美国NASA数据与中继卫星系统相关技术的基础上,提出了我国低轨航天器天地基测控模式,讨论了该模式的运行原理,设计了该模式的仿真系统,分析了应用该模式需解决的关键技术问题,通过基于设计的仿真系统对提出的测控模式进行了验证．验证结果表明了提出的天地基测控模式可行,可以满足低轨航天器的测控需求．

Currently, TTC （Tracking, Telemetry and Command） for satellites of our country is mainly executed by Ground-Based TTC network. With the increment of requirement for different kinds of purposes, the numbers of satellites in lower orbits increase rapidly. It is very difficult to meet the requirements of the satellites only based on ground-based TTC network. To seek a new, effective and economical mode to TTC lower orbit satellites is absolutely necessary for our country and to apply space-based TTC technology is an appropriate way to solve ground-based equipment shortages. Based on analysis of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System （TDRSS） of NASA （National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States）, a new mode, space-ground-based TTC Mode （SGBM） for lower orbit satellites, is proposed. In this paper, the operating principle of space-ground-based TTC mode is discussed, the simulation system used to simulate space-ground-based TTC mode is designed, and the key technologies need to be solved when using space-ground-based TTC mode is analyzed. The different functions of space-ground-based TTC mode are verified based on the developed simulation system. The simulation results show that the proposed satellite TTC mode is feasible and reliable, and the requirement of lower orbit satellite can be met by using the mode.