资源流动研究的理论框架与决策应用

Resource Flow:Theoretical Framework and Application for Decision Making

资源流动是当前我国资源科学研究亟待关注和加强的新领域,是对资源进行合理的管理,促进经济、环境和社会协调持续发展的重要方面。本文深入分析了具有代表性的国家资源流动研究进展及对中国开展有关研究的启示。分析表明,发达国家资源流动研究涉及与国民经济发展紧密相关的资源类型及其横向、纵向流动,政府部门的资源流动账户是主要数据源,投入产出和指标体系方法是研究的方法基础,研究结果已在评估可持续发展态势和科学决策等领域广泛应用。我国处于资源流动研究的起步阶段,建议从探寻经济发展过程消费的关键资源及追踪其来龙去脉入手,以政府部门为主导,与国际相关机构接轨,实现对资源流动的动态监测与评估。

A resource flow analysis aims to quantify the flow of resources, in terms of mass, within a defined geographical area or industry sector over a set period of time. The outcomes of a resource flow analysis provide an opportunity for a better understanding of how and where to target activities to manage material consumption and minimization. It is essential for dematerialization between resources use and economic development, particularly for developing countries like China, where economic development is coupled with an intensive consumption of natural resources, affecting coordinated development between socio-economy, environment and institutions. The paper exams the progresses in resource flow analysis made by developed countries, including theoretical background, methodology applied, major results and their socio-economic implications. Relevant experiences for China to conduct this sort of research are summarized and recommendations made. It is concluded that proper understanding of the concept, identification of major resources related closely to socio-economic development and involved in the flow process are fundamental basis for resource flow analysis, spatial-temporal scales should be taken into consideration, vertical and horizontal flows of resources over time and its ecological and environmental effects will have to be emphasized. Most importantly, resource flow accounting system and database should be established for a long-term research and monitoring. Those aspects have already been successfully tackled in developed countries, particularly in European countries and the results been used for decision-making of dematerialization between economic and ecological development. At the initial stage of resource flow analysis, China will have to identify key resources consumed in economic process, and establish or assign governmental agencies or institutions to take responsibilities for data collection and manipulation and the standards for data management should be unified and consistent. The output of this work is the establishment of resource flow accounting system in corresponding agencies which will serve as a powerful basis for dynamic monitoring and assessment of resource flow, its ecological and environmental effects and counter measures.