锌再生资源与回收途径及中国再生锌现状

Status and Approach of Recycle of Zinc Resources in China

本文较为明确地描述了锌的生产、加工制造、使用及回收阶段的再生锌生成及回收途径,在此基础上计算出2004年中国再生锌资源量约为171.06×104t,再生锌产量约为35.6×104t,综合再生利用率为20.8%。分析了中国再生锌资源再生利用率较低的主要原因是采选环节的散矿石、尾矿、镀锌制品、锌电池等可利用的锌资源,以及锌氧化物制品产生的再生锌资源没有得到回收。并提出了提高中国锌资源再生利用率的主要方向是制定适当的产业政策,鼓励散矿石、尾矿、镀锌制品等可利用资源的综合利用,同时研发经济适用的锌锰干电池再生技术、锌氧化物的再生技术,或者寻找锌氧化物的替代品。

The recycle approaches of Zinc resources during the stages of production, processing and manufacturing, were comparatively described in this paper. The total amount of renewable zinc resource in China in 2004 was 1.7106 million ton. The output of regenerated zinc was 0.356million ton, occupying 20 percent of the total. The main reason for the low rate of regeneration of zinc is that usable regenerated zinc resource, such as scattered ore, tailing, zinc-plated products, etc, and the regenerated zinc resource of the zinc oxide products are not retrieved. According to the classification of regenerating condition during the stage of production, the amount of regenerated zinc resources, which got feasible technical and economic condition of regeneration and which got feasible technical condition and unfeasible economic condition of regeneration account for 89 percent and 11 percent of total regenerated zinc resources, respectively. During the stage of processing, using and retrieving, the amount of regenerated zinc resources, which got feasible technical and economic condition of regeneration, and which got feasible technical condition and unfeasible economic condition of regeneration, and which got unfeasible technical and economic condition of regeneration, respectively account for 44%, 20% and 36% of total regenerated zinc resources. So, the main direction of improving the regenerated rate of zinc in China is to make proper industrial policy to encourage the comprehensive utilization of the usable regenerated zinc resource. The research and development of recycle technology of zinc resources from old zinc battery, zinc oxide or its substitute oxide are suggested. This paper has certain reference value to the theoretical research and practice of zinc resources recycleing.