巴音布鲁克高寒草甸不同群落类型的生物量

The Biomass of Different Species Communities of Alpine Meadow in Bayinbulak Region

生物量是生态系统获取能量能力的集中体现,对生态系统结构的形成具有十分重要的影响。草地生态系统是陆地生态系统分布最广的生态类型之一,在全球变化中的作用非常重要。本文以新疆天山中部的巴音布鲁克高寒草甸为研究对象,选取了黑花苔草(Carex melantha)、鬼见愁锦鸡儿(Caragana jubata)和线叶嵩草(Kobresiacapillifolia)3种典型的群落类型,开展了生物量研究。结果表明:①黑花苔草群落盖度最大,为100%,物种数最低,每平方米拥有植物8种~11种。鬼见愁锦鸡儿群落盖度次之,为86.14%,物种组成丰富,每平方米拥有植物12种~15种。线叶嵩草群落盖度最低,55.7%,每平方米拥有植物13种~16种;②各群落内部的物种丰富度与地上生物量之间无显著关系,而群落间表现出负相关,差异极显著;③黑花苔草群落的地下生物量最大,线叶嵩草群落次之,鬼见愁锦鸡儿群落最低,分别为13 608.8g/m2、6 097.8g/m2和2 554.74g/m2;④3种群落的地下生物量呈现出“T”形分布的模式,且集中分布在0cm^10cm的土层中;⑤3种群落的地上生物量与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关,地下生物量受相对湿度影响较大,二者也呈极显著正相关。

Biomass is the quantity of living material of species, which has a key effect on ecosystem structure. Grassland ecosystem is most important ecosystem types, which plays an important role in global environment change research. Especially, belowground biomass has a large contribution to carbon storage. A critical challenge for ecology is to understand the mechanisms linking ecosystem function and community dynamics. The relationship between species diversity and habitat biomass has been a central focus in community ecology in recent years. In this paper, we selected three typical alpine meadow communities, Carex melantha, Caragana jubata and Kobresia capillifolia communities, in Bayinbulak region of middle of Mt. Tianshan, Xinjiang. Uniform plots of 30m × 30m were selected in each community, seven 1 m × 1 m or 2m × 2m quadrats were located randomly in each plot, biomass and species richness of c. melantha and k. capillifolia communities were measured within 1 m × 1 m quadrat, caragana jubata community was measured within 2m × 2m quadrat in August, 2006. In each plot, data logger （hobo pro RH/TEMP, made in onset computer corporation） was fixed, soil water content was also measured in each plot from June to August （soil samples contained 0cm - 10cm, 10cm- 20cm, 20cm 30cm,30cm - 40cm and 40cm - 50cm）. The objective of the study was to describe the live biomass of three species communities, especially spatial distribution of belowground biomass of grassland. Besides, we have also discussed the diversity-aboveground biomass relationships among each plant community and total communities. The results shows： 1 ）The number of species is between 8 and 11 for C. melantha community, between 12 and 15 for C. jubata community and between 13 and 16 for K. capillifolia community. The cover rate of the three communities is 100 percent, 86.1 percent and 55.7 percent respectively; 2） There is not relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass for each community. But there is a significant negative relationship between aboveground biomass and species richness for total communities （ P 〈 0.01） ; 3） Belowground biomass of C. melantha, C.jubata and K. capillifolia communities is 13 608.8g/m^2, 6 097.8g/m^2 and 2 554.74g/m^2 respectively and aboveground biomass of three communities is 336.35 g/m^2, 70.69g/m^2 and 264.15g/m^2 respectively; 4） The belowground biomass is mostly distributed in the 0cm - 10cm depth of soil for the three communities with a＂T＂-shape distribution feature; 5 ）An analysis of correlativity is performed through SPSS software package to examine the relationship between biomass and temperature, relative humidity and soil water content. It is found thatvthe relationship between aboveground biomass and soil water content is significant positive and belowground biomass and relative humidity is significant positive too.