《论翻译》中鲁迅对于严复的评价考辩——兼与王秉钦先生商榷

LU Xun's Evaluation of YAN Fu in On Translation

鲁迅前期的翻译思想与严复多有相似,如翻译的启蒙与救亡目的、译法上的归化倾向、对读者的政治性误读以及译文语体的文言特质等。步入后期,鲁迅关于汉语文法、语义乃至文学的观念急剧转变,并几乎颠覆了其包括待译文本选择、翻译绩效、策略与语体以及翻译目的在内的全部翻译思想。鲁迅对于严复的评价前后虽较暧昧,但时间考证及鲁迅晚年的回忆表明,《论翻译》中的那番评述与其说是对于严复的“大加赞赏”,倒不如说是冷嘲热讽。

LU Xun＇s translation ideas in the early stage bear striking similarity to those of YAN Fu in terms of ideological enlightenment and national salvation, the tendency towards adaptation, misreading consciously imposed on readers, and the translation style characterized by classical Chinese. Later on, LU Xun＇s concepts about the grammar and semantics of Chinese, and also of literature have been drastically transformed, hence the subversion of his overall translation thoughts concerning texts to be translated, translation effects, strategies, style, and objectives as well. LU Xun seems equivocal towards YAN Fu from beginning to end, nevertheless, a diachronic and meticulous study indicates that the comments made in ＂On Translation＂ and LU Xun＇s own recollection in his remaining years are not so much an appreciation of YAN Fu as a scathing sarcasm of him.