论译语缺失度与对策

On Loss in Translation and Its Solution

语言间的差异是绝对的,译语缺失因而是必然的,翻译要以听者和读者的正确理解为原则,适度异化,努力做到优化。译语在句式上的结构性缺失无须补足;语义及文化内涵缺失可采用引入法,通过创建新词来解决;语用功能缺失可通过增词获得语用等效。翻译实践与语言对比研究相辅相成,略通多语对于解决翻译过程中的多语渗透问题很有帮助。

As differences between languages exist, loss in translation is inevitable. With correct understanding of the listener/ reader as the basic principle, translation should allow moderate foreignization and strive for optimization. While disregard of structural loss in syntax is possible, loss in semantic or cultural implications could be redeemed by creating new words or expressions, and loss in pragmatic function could be compensated by adding words to achieve equivalent illocutionary force. Contrastive linguistic studies and translation may complement each other, and it may be necessary to know enough about other languages to solve the problems of multiple languages in translation.