野性的规训——解读R.L.斯蒂文森的《化身博士》

Taming of the Monster:The Double Character Motif in The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde

《化身博士》中的杰基尔医生和海德先生并非善和恶的对立化身,而是相互依存的共生体。维多利亚时代的道德话语过度压抑,造成了杰基尔医生的激烈反弹,促使他化身为反社会反文明的海德。斯蒂文森借海德这朵“恶之花”,揭露了杰基尔这个“社会精英”的伪善本质,批判了维多利亚道德话语的压抑性和虚伪性。然而,斯蒂文森却为小说设计了一个充满维多利亚道德规训意味的结尾,让杰基尔医生/海德先生的共生体在社会道德监督体制的重重围剿下,怀着恐惧和懊悔,自杀而死。

The theme of double character in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde cannot be taken as a simple dichotomy of Dr. Jekyll vs. Mr. Hyde, virtue vs. evil, Under the coherent fafade of Dr. Jekyll we can see both Jekyll the hypocrite and Hyde the primitive. Stevenson intended the novella as a challenge to the rigid and hypocritical morality of his age; however, the fact that Mr. Hyde is gradually colonized by Dr. Jekyll and thus killed reveals how powerful the Victorian disciplinary system could be and betrays Stevenson＇s ambivalent attitude towards the Victorian morality.