当代中国人文主义思潮的混乱与两难

On the dilemma of the modern Chinese humanistic thoughts

在西方,“人文主义”一词是19世纪才出现的,但其精神则有着很深的渊源。“人文主义”首先是一种原则和方向,那就是人的自由与解放,随着人类对自身认识的不断进步和提高,人的自由与解放在不同的社会背景下也不断被赋予新的意义。而中国目前的人文主义思潮包括两方面的内容,基本兴起于上世纪80年代末、90年代初。其一为以新儒家学术思想传播为依托的对于传统儒学“人文主义”的阐扬与发挥;其二为以西方现代思想为支点的反科学宰割、反物质压迫的“人文主义”。当代中国的“人文主义”思潮其针对性需进一步联系中国实际,不能盲目仿效西方把科学技术当作“人文主义”的首要对立面。两千年以来的专制遗留“官本位”思想,人对人的压迫应该是人文主义批判的首要对象。

Humanism is first used in the west in the 19th century. The terminology stands for a direction or orientation whereby as human liberations are continuously achieved, they make consecutive progress, and human freedom and liberations are gifted more meanings. However, the Chinese humanism rises in the later 1980s and early 1990s. First, neo-Confucianism-based humanism is advocated. Moreover the west-modernity-pivoted antimaterialism or anti-science gets disseminated in humanistic thoughts. On this basis the paper argues that the modern Chinese humanism should be closely combined with practice in China. Science as humanism is opposed, and feudal official-centered concept of human oppression should be severely denounced.