“革命领袖”何以形成——西方学者的三种方法论视角

The Formation of Revolutionary Leaders:Three Perceptive Approaches by Western Scholars on Revolution

西方“革命学”在学科分化和交叉发展的大背景下,对革命的起因、发展、结果以及革命浪潮的形成机制等问题进行了有益而全面的探讨,然而对于任何一场革命都必不可少的“革命领袖”①的研究却相对薄弱。研究革命领袖的西方学者以心理学、心理史学和社会学三种理论方法来探讨促成革命领袖形成的各种要素。然而,他们关于革命领袖人物的研究基本上还是停留在依靠直觉把握和空泛想象的层次上,缺少经验分析以及建立在经验分析基础之上的全面的理论把握。

The study of revolutions in the West explored the causes, development, outcomes of revolutions and the formation of revolutionary waves. However, the research on ＂revolutionary leader＂, who is absolutely necessary for any revolution, is relatively weak in their studies. Scholars who investigate revolutionary leader discuss all kinds of factors that caused the formation of revolutionary leader according to three approaches, namely psychology, psychological history and sociology. Nevertheless, their study still lack empirical analysis and the overall theoretical grasp though there are some enlightenment for us.