从《诗经》婚恋诗看周人多元的婚姻观

Perceiving the Multi-Views on Marriage of Zhou Dynasty through the Love Poetry in "The Book of Songs"

《诗经》反映了西周初年至春秋中叶的社会现实,其中的婚恋诗更是多角度地反映了周代社会的婚恋风俗:父母之命、媒妁之言的聘婚所反映的只是社会对婚姻本身的期待,所突出的也只是伦理和政治的意义;非礼仪的“婚会”是对正规聘婚的补充和完善,显示出周人对增加人口的强烈渴求;媵嫁婚是多婚或群婚制的残余形态,它的实行是周代现实政治的需要。此外,自由恋爱和抢婚习俗在一定范围内的存在,反映出周礼对原始婚恋风俗的传承。

＂The Book of Songs＂ has reflected the social reality of the early West Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. The love poems in it reflected the customs of marriage and love in Zhou Dynasty： Betrothed marriages arranged by parents＇order and matchmakers＇words are the expectation of the society to the marriage and what is emphasized is the ethical and political significance; while the unconventional ＂dating for marriage＂ is the complimentary and improvement of the betrothed marriage which reveals the strong desire of the people in Zhou Dynasty to enlarge their population. Marriage accompanied with concubines is the remaining form of the multi - marriage or group marriage which is the political needs of Zhou Dynasty. Moreover, the practice of free love and marriage by capture existed in some part of the state, which reflects the heritage of the practice of marriage of the primitive society.