西方经济学与马克思主义经济学关于生产理论的比较——一个方法论的视角

A Comparison of the Production Theories of Western Economics and Marxist Economics——A Methodological Perspective

西方经济学与马克思主义经济学的生产理论研究方法上存在三个方面本质区别:西方经济学的生产理论是以“经济人”假设为出发点,把劳动者仅仅作为生产要素研究;而马克思主义经济学的生产理论是以“历史的、现实的人”为出发点,把劳动者既看作生产要素,又作为生产主体来研究。西方经济学的生产理论只研究生产一般,因而使用价值(即效用)范畴是其研究的核心;而马克思主义经济学则不仅研究生产一般,更注重研究生产的具体社会形式,因而把价值范畴作为研究的核心。西方经济学用个体主义方法,把生产理论仅仅置于微观领域来研究,致使其理论体系在微观与宏观上形成脱节;而马克思主义经济学则运用唯物辩证法,在宏观和微观的有机联系中研究资本主义的生产和再生产问题。

There are three essential differences in the approaches to production theories of western economics and Marxist economics： the production theory of western economics starts from the hypothesis of ＂economic man＂ and regards laborers only as a production factor, whereas the production theory of Marxist economy starts from ＂historical, realistic man＂, researches laborers as both factor and main part of production. The production theory of western economics only researches general production, therefore use value （that is, avail） is the center of research; Marxist economics not only researches general production but emphasizes researching the concrete social form of production, and therefore regards value as the center of research. Western economics uses the approach of individualism and researches production theory only in the micro field, which results in the micro and macro separation of its theoretical system; Marxist economics uses materialist dialectic and researches capitalist production and reproduction in micro and macro organic connection.