雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质资源研究

Study on jackfruit germplasm in Leizhou peninsula

通过野外植物学性状调查、实验室常规分析鉴定和RAPD分析,对中国雷州半岛的菠萝蜜种质资源进行了研究.结果表明:1)中国雷州半岛菠萝蜜有湿脆型、少胶型、高糖型、平滑型等优良单株.按肉质脆软和水分多少可分为干包类型和湿包类型两种;按花期及结果习性可分为单造菠萝蜜和双造菠萝蜜.2)雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质资源具有较低的遗传多样性,与马来西亚种质有较高的相似性,据此推断,两者可能具有相同的起源.3)湿包类型与干包类型种质除果肉质地存在差异外,在DNA水平上没有较大差异,只能作为品种的分类标准.此外,还提出了通过干包类型与湿包类型种质间的杂交育种来丰富现有干包类型种质的遗传基础,通过进一步引进种质和利用更多类型的分子标记来验证中国菠萝蜜的起源,利用定位于基因组不同位置的分子标记对菠萝蜜种质进行多样性评价等有待研究的问题.

Jackfruit germplasm in Leizhou peninsula were characterized through morphological character analysis, fruit quality analysis and RAPD molecular marker genotyping. Results showed that： 1） There are several excellent individuals with character of wet-frailty, little gum, high sugar and soft spine existed in Leizhou peninsula of China. Based on flesh texture and water content, jackfruit germplasm can be divided into soft flesh type and firm flesh type; Based on flowering time and fruiting habit, jackfruit germplasm can be divided into annual mature type and biannual mature type. 2） There were relatively low genetic diversity among these germplasm, and they had high similarity to germplasm from Malaysia, and we proposed that, these two groups of germplasm may share the same origin. 3） Soft type and firm type of jackfruit showed no differences in DNA, and this kind of classification should be treated as one of the cultivar classification methods. In addition, some problems for the study in the future were also discussed, such as improving genetic diversity of soft flesh type germplasm through hybridization with soft flesh type, studying origin of China jackfruit through comparing with more foreign germplasm and employing more DNA markers, analyzing diversity using DNA marker with different DNA region detecting ability.