杭州市社区老年人社会支持调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis for Social Support of the Elderly in the Community of Hangzhou City

目的了解杭州市社区老年人社会支持情况及其相关因素。方法采用按类分层、分段、随机、整群的抽样方法,抽取杭州某社区160名老年人进行入户问卷调查,问卷表包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业、医疗付款方式、患病种数等7项内容的基本情况及采用社会支持量表(SSRS);调查表并将所有问卷调查资料分项目进行统计分析。结果杭州市社区老年人主观支持和社会支持总分低于常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男性较女性社会支持的利用度高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),退休前有固定职业者在客观支持和社会支持总分高于无固定职业者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),有医疗保险者客观支持高于无医疗保险者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论完善社会福利和医疗保障体制,改善老年人的经济情况,提供实际的物质支持,建立完善社会化养老服务,提供日常服务与照料,以及以不同方式提供情感慰籍,可改善社区老年人的社会支持,有助于增强晚年生活的幸福感。

Objective To investigate the social support status and its relative factors of the elders Hangzhou city. Methods 160 old people were investigated with questionnaires and social support rating scale （SSRS） in one community of hangzhou city, which applied the stratified sampling, grading sampling, random sampling and cluster sampling. The questionnaires included seven basic contents, which were sex, age, culture degree, marriage, profession, mode of payment of medical treatment, disease and etc. The data were statistically analyzed by the frequence analysis, u test, t test （normaldistribution data） and analysis of variance with SPSS 10. 0 software. Results The total scores of subjective support and social support for the elderly were lower than that of national norm （P〈0.01）. The results showed that there were statistical difference between the groups of male and female, those who had regular work before retire and without regular work before retire, those who had medical insurance and without medical insurance（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Improve the social welfare and the system of medical care assurance, increase the income of the elderly, provide the material support, establish consummate community for the elderly and provide good daily service and all kinds offeeling comfort will improve the social support for the elderly in community, and willmake them feel happy in their life, which is very important to improve their quality of life.