2000-2005年我国道路交通事故特点与原因分析

Analysis on causes and characteristics of road traffic accidents from 2000 to 2005 in China

目的分析2000—2005年我国道路交通事故的特点与原因。方法采集2000—2005年我国道路交通事故数据和同期人口资料，对比分析各种事故原因，计算比较机动化程度、事故与人员伤亡统计指标特点，分析事故和人员伤亡特点及其原因。结果2002年以后道路交通事故总数稳中有降，10万人口死亡率和万车死亡率也呈现下降趋势，至2005年万车死亡率和10万人口死亡率均下降为7．6。交通事故烈度和伤死率仍然较高，事故致死人员中机动车驾驶员和乘员比例逐渐上升，2005年分别达到33．2％和24．8％。行人的事故烈度和伤死率明显高于驾驶员和乘客。驾驶员造成的事故比例有上升趋势，2005年达到92．96％。西部省市的事故烈度和伤死率均明显高于东部省市。结论我国的道路交通事故及伤亡呈现稳中有降的良好势头，但交通安全和人身安全水平仍不容乐观，事故烈度和伤死率还很高。应继续加大科学的交通安全教育、管理与执法等综合治理力度，发展高效的交通伤急救治疗体系，提高救治质量与水平，从而减少交通事故死亡率和伤残率。

Objective To analyze causes and characteristics of road traffic injuries from 2000 to 2005 in China. Methods The data of road traffic accidents and population from 2000 to 2005 were collected to analyze causes and characteristics of road traffie accidents. The ＂motorized extent of cities, MEC＂ were calculated. The casualties and characteristics of accidents were analyzed relatively. Results The number of traltie accidents in China were decreased from 2002. The mortality rates per 100 000 persons and mortality rates per 10 000 vehicles were decreased too. The mortality rates per 100 000 persons and the mortality rates per 10 000 vehicles all was 7.6 in 2005. But intensity and mortality of traffic accidents in China were higher. The mortalities of drivers and passengers were increased. Its were 33.2% and 24.8% respectively in 2005. The intensity and mortality of pedestrians were higher than that of drivers and passengers. The incidence of accidents caused by driver was increased. It was account 92.96%. The intensities and mortalities of developing cities were obviously higher than those of developed cities. Conclusions In China, the incidents casualties of traffic accidents are decreasing. But the situation of ＂level of traffic safety＂ and ＂level of personal safety＂ aren＇ t optimistic. The incidences and mortalities of traffic accidents in our country are higher too. We should enhance the power of safety education and management, develop effective first-aid treatment system, raise the quality and level of remedy. Hence, the rates of death and mutilation will be decreased.