施钾方式对抗虫杂交棉光合特性和产量品质的影响

Photosynthesis Characteristic,Yield and Fiber Quality of Insect-resistant Hybrid Cotton with Different Potassium Application Types

以抗虫杂交棉‘中棉所29’和‘鲁棉研15号’为材料,研究了育苗移栽种植条件下施钾方式对其光合特性及产量品质的影响。结果显示:与不施钾肥相比,在棉苗移栽期和初花期分2次或移栽期一次性施入氯化钾225kg/hm2,能提高棉花LAI、叶片SPAD值和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和ФPSⅡ,加大叶片Gs,提高叶片Pn;棉花总成铃数、铃重和衣分均有不同程度提高,皮棉产量显著增加;并改善了棉纤维2.5%跨距长度、比强度和整齐度等品质性状。表明于棉花移栽期和初花期分2次施入钾肥比移栽期一次性施入效果更好,平均籽棉和皮棉产量分别增加4.43%和5.87%。

The effects of different potassium application types on photosynthesis characteristic,yield and fiber quality of insect-resistant hybrid cotton were studied with varieties CCRI 29 and SCRC15. The results showed that when applying KC1 112. 5 kg/hm^2 before seedling transplanted and 112. 5 kg/hm^2 at early flowering stage or iust applying once KCl 225 kg/hm^2 before seedling transplanted, LAI, SPAD readings, PS Ⅱ maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）, PS Ⅱ potential activity（Fv/Fo）, PS Ⅱ actual photochemical efficiency （φPSⅡ）, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs） in leaves of cotton was higher than that of control without KC1 appling. Total bolls per hectare, boll weight,lint percentage were also enhanced in some degree and lint yield were increased significantly. Some fiber qualitative characters such as 2.5 % span length, tenacity and length uniformity were improved. Seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton applying KCl two times were increased by 4.43% and 5.87% respectively when comparing with applying KCl once before seedling transplanted.