南方红豆杉迁地保护小种群动态的研究

Study on dynamic of small ex-situ conservation population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

南京中山植物园于20世纪50年代引种栽培了11株南方红豆杉〔Taxus chinensis(Pilg.)Rehd. var. mairei(Lemée et Lévl.)Cheng et L.K.Fu〕。45年后,在邻近的天然林中出现了含有400余个个体的自然种群。根据这一事实作者认为,如果整体生态条件具备,也就是在生物多样性和生境多样性都很丰富的自然生境中,迁地保护的小种群可以发展成较大种群,这将使迁地保护的作用与功能得到重大发展。从保护生物学原理出发,应认真关注迁地保护的生境条件。因此,迁地保护区的设计应予以改进,还应构建人工栽培园地与自然(野生)生境混合的区域,以创造自然种群发生的必要条件。

In Nanjing Botanical Garden, there was a Taxus chinensis （Pilg.） Rehd. vat. mairei （Lemée et Lévl.） Cheng et L.K. Fu living collection, which introduced in 1950＇s for only 11 individuals. After 45 years, a new population of more than 400 individuals originated from the collection occurred mainly in the neighboring natural woods. Based on this fact, it was suggested that small ex-situ conservation collection （population） could develop into a new and large population if the integrate ecological conditions and natural habitat were rich in diversity of both physical and biological aspects. It will make a great progress on role and function of ex-situ conservation. From the view point of conservation biology, the aspect of ecological conditions should be researched seriously. Hence, the layout of ex-situ conservation land should be changed and a site mixed with cultivated land and wild field is needed.