四川省普格县小兴村霍乱流行区消毒处理措施及其效果

DISINFECTION MEASURES FOR CHOLERA EPIDEMIC AREA IN XIAOXING VILLAGE OF PUGE COUNTY,SICHUAN PROVINCE,AND DISINFECTION EFFICACY

目的扑灭农村霍乱流行,实施疫区消毒,考察消毒效果。方法采用化学消毒剂对疫区进行全面消毒处理,进行采样检测,以考核消毒效果。结果该村经济条件比较落后;交通不便,村民均为人畜混居,环境卫生较差;三条水沟贯穿全村,随时从沟中取用生活饮用水,无任何处理措施。村民发病是自参加1名急性腹泻爆死病人丧事大吃大喝之后;所有病人临床症状类似,都有急性腹泻,部分病人有呕吐和腹痛;多数病人经积极治疗之后康复;经过按消化道传染病积极预防服药,消毒和卫生管理,疫情很快得到控制。从病人肛拭和粪便采样标本中检出革兰阴性弧菌,经鉴定为霍乱弧菌。对病家门前水源、堆肥等媒介采样75份,检出21份阳性,阳性率为28%;个别堆肥经漂白粉消毒处理4次之后,仍然检出阳性,在处理6次之后全部达到阴性。结论经过卫生防疫人员和医护人员积极预防和治疗,很快控制了疫情,自首例病人出现至第32天疫情全部被扑灭,经随访1年,未出现1例类似病人,说明此次处理措施效果很好。

Objective To extinguish cholera epidemic in rural area, to carry out disinfection of epidemic area and to investigate the disinfection efficacy. Methods Chemical disinfectant was used to carry out all - round disinfection of the epidemic area and samples were taken and examined for assessing the disinfection efficacy. Results The economic condition of this village was relatively backward, the traffic was inconvenient, the villagers lived together with aminals and the environmental sanitation was poor. Three ditches run through the village and the villagers took daily drinking water at any time from the ditches without any treatment. The disease of the villagers began after participating the massive eating and drinking at the funeral arrangements for a villager who suddenly died of acute diarrhea. All patients had similar clinical symptoms, all of them had acute diarrhea and some had vomiting and abdominal pain. Most patients recovered after active treatment. After active preventive medication according to communicable diseases of digestive tract, disinfection and sanitary administration, the epidemic was controlled quickly. Gram - negative vibrio was detected from the anal swabs and fecal samples of the patients and identified as Vibrio cholerae. Seventy - five samples were taken from the water source in front of the patient＇s house and piled manure and 21 of these samples were found to be V. cholerae positive, with a positive rate of 28%. A few samples from piled manure were still positive after disinfection with bleaching powder for 4 times and all became neg- ative after disinfection for 6 times. Condnsions After active prevention and treatment given by sanitary - anti - epidemic personnel and medical - nursing staffs, the epidemic was controlled quickly and was extinguished completely in 32 days from appearance of first patient. During 1 - year follow - up, no similar patient appeared, indicating that the efficacy of the treatment measures was good.