现代大学对中世纪大学的继承与反叛

Modern universities' inheritance of medieval universities and its rebellion against medieval universities

作为“知识共同体”的大学,从中世纪教师和学生的行会组织,到现代的顶尖高等教育机构,虽然都冠以“大学”之名,但其内涵在现代化的过程中发生了变异,使大学性质、结构和功能既具有继承性,又具有反叛性。今天,我们在指责现代大学的弊端、重构现代大学制度时一味地以现代大学的起源——中世纪大学——为标尺,这是一种非理性的历史情结。因为,中世纪大学的性质和功能与现代性之间已经失去了契合。

As ＂knowledge community＂, with the development of modernization, the meaning of university has changed from a guild organization of teachers and students in the Middle Ages to a top institution of higher education. Although both of institutions are called university, they are alienated in the process of modernization. In respect of character, structure arid function, university not only inherits its traditional meaning, but also revolts to itself. When we criticize the modern university and reconstruct the modern university system, because of the disagreement between the nature and function of Middle Ages University and the modernity of today＇s university, it＇s a non-rational way to compare it with the Middle Ages University.