明末湖州稻作与灾害防治问题——以沈氏《农书》为基础的考察

Problem of preventing and controlling disasters in Huzhou rice production during the late-Ming dynasty:A study based on Shen'S Book on Agriculture

明末沈氏《农书》乃优秀之作。据该书反映,湖州农民重视水稻生产,积累了灾害防治的丰富技术经验,包括选用良种,冬天藏种,及时垦翻坂田,培育壮秧,深耕稻田,及早清除草害,因时、因地插秧,精心中耕管理,把握烤田要领,合理施肥,保证后期需水,建设圩区水利,灾后补种,分期收割等。如此系统的乡土经验,对稻区社会文明具有重大意义。

During the late-Ming dynasty, Shen＇s Book on Agriculture was a masterpiece. According to its reports, the peasants in Huzhou paid much attention to rice production and accumulated rich technological experience to prevent and control disasters. The experience includes selecting and utilizing good seeds, storing seeds in winter, reclaiming and turning up soil in time after harvest, breeding strong seedlings, ploughing rice field deeply, eliminating weeds as soon as possible, transplanting rice seedlings in compliance with time and soil, doing intertill management carefully, grasping the essentials of drying rice field, applying manure rationally, guaranteeing necessary water during the later period, building water conservancy facilities in the areas of low-lying paddyfields surrounded with dikes, replanting after disaster, harvesting by stages, etc. So systematic local experience played an important role in the social civilization of the rice areas.