被动句对动词的选择

The Choice of Verbs in the Passive Construction

现代汉语中“被”、“叫”、“让”、“给”是表示被动语法意义的介词。把现代汉语中这四个介词各个所适用的格式分成七类而考察七类格式对动词的选择。可以发现并不是所有的动词都能出现在七类格式中动词的位置上,即有些动词能进入由四个介词形成的被动格式,有些不能。但能够出现在由四个介词形成的被动格式的动词在具体被动格式之下还不能出现。总的来说,能否出现在七种被动格式的动词受动词表达的意义、音节、语体色彩与格式的制约。

In modern Chinese, ＂被＂,＂叫＂,＂让＂,＂给＂are four prepositions expressing passive meaning. This essay, dividing all the related Chinese structures into seven types, makes a probe into the choice of verb in each type of structure. The author notices that, for those seven passive structures constituted by four different prepositions, not every verb can be applied to the location of verb. Some verbs can, and others cannot. But, in some structures, those verbs that can be applied to the location of verb in the seven types of structures are also not applicable. Generally speaking, whether the verbs are applicable or not in the seven types of structures are restricted by meaning, syllable, color and structure.