宗教群体资格简论

A Brief Comment on the Religious Membership

通过对中国北京基督新教群体的田野研究,以宗教行动者为核心,可尝试建构宗教(群体)资格的如下假设体系:一、行动者有多重群体资格;二、皈依一种宗教,即主动地追求其宗教群体资格。三、宗教群体资格的识别和觉知,以社会范畴化作为认知基础。四、在社会范畴化的基础上,宗教行动者对其宗教资格的的积极评价,通过社会比较得以强化。五、宗教群体有惯例性和典范性的行为模式,使之不断地激活宗教群体资格的显著性。六、基于灵性资本和世俗资本,宗教徒的宗教生活和世俗生活得以区分。

The author of this essay, based on the positive study of the Beijing Protestant membership and taking the religious actor as the core, constructs a theoretical system of the religious membership. The system consists of the following points： （1） actors having multiple membership; （2） being converted to one kind of religion, that is, seeking actively for the religious membership; （3） the identity and awareness of the religious membership taking the social categorization as the fundament; （4） thus the actor＇s active opinion of the religious membership, by way of the social comparison, being strengthened; （5） the action mode for the conventionality and exampling of the religious membership continuously stimulating its prominence; （6） the life of the religious disciple, on the basis of the spiritual capital and secular capital, being distinguished into the religious life and secular life.